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Brett Cawley 9d213948ba docs/grpc: add C# docs

2019-07-12 13:23:31 -07:00

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How to write a C# gRPC client for the Lightning Network Daemon

This section enumerates what you need to do to write a client that communicates with lnd in C#.

Prerequisites

.Net Core SDK
If using Windows, a unix terminal such as Cygwin

Setup and Installation

lnd uses the gRPC protocol for communication with clients like lncli.

gRPC is based on protocol buffers, and as such, you will need to compile the lnd proto file in C# before you can use it to communicate with lnd.

This assumes you are using a Windows machine, but it applies equally to Mac and Linux.

Create a new .net core console application called lndclient at your root directory (On Windows : C:/), and install Grpc.Tools (1.17.0 at time of writing)

mkdir lndclient
cd lndclient
dotnet new console
dotnet add package Grpc.Tools --version 1.17.0

Create the necessary folder structure, and then fetch the lnd rpc.proto file:

mkdir Grpc
curl -o Grpc/rpc.proto -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/master/lnrpc/rpc.proto

Copy Google's annotations.proto to the correct folder:

mkdir Grpc/google
mkdir Grpc/google/api
curl -o Grpc/google/api/annotations.proto -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/googleapis/googleapis/master/google/api/annotations.proto

Copy Google's http.proto to the correct folder:

curl -o Grpc/google/api/http.proto -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/googleapis/googleapis/master/google/api/http.proto

Copy Google's descriptor.proto to the correct folder:

mkdir Grpc/google/protobuf
curl -o Grpc/google/protobuf/descriptor.proto -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/master/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.proto

Compile the proto file using protoc.exe from nuget package Grpc.Tools (possibly replace "YOUR_USER", version "1.17.0", or your OS in both paths):

# linux + mac nuget package location: ~/.nuget/packages
cd Grpc
C:/Users/<YOUR_USER>/.nuget/packages/grpc.tools/1.17.0/tools/windows_x64/protoc.exe --csharp_out . --grpc_out . rpc.proto --plugin=protoc-gen-grpc=C:/Users/<YOUR_USER>/.nuget/packages/grpc.tools/1.17.0/tools/windows_x64/grpc_csharp_plugin.exe

After following these steps, two files Rpc.cs and RpcGrpc.cs will be generated in the Grpc folder in your project.

Imports and Client

Every time you use C# gRPC, you will have to import the generated rpc classes, and use nuget package manger to install Grpc.Core (1.17.0 at time of writing), Google.Protobuf (3.6.1), and Google.Api.CommonProtos (1.4.0).

# from project root, install packages using nuget 
cd ../
dotnet add package Grpc.Core --version 1.17.0
dotnet add package Google.Protobuf --version 3.6.1
dotnet add package Google.Api.CommonProtos --version 1.4.0

After installing these, use the code below to set up a channel and client to connect to your lnd node:


using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Grpc.Core;
using Lnrpc;
...

// Due to updated ECDSA generated tls.cert we need to let gprc know that
// we need to use that cipher suite otherwise there will be a handshake
// error when we communicate with the lnd rpc server.
System.Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable("GRPC_SSL_CIPHER_SUITES", "HIGH+ECDSA");
            
// Lnd cert is at AppData/Local/Lnd/tls.cert on Windows
// ~/.lnd/tls.cert on Linux and ~/Library/Application Support/Lnd/tls.cert on Mac
var cert = File.ReadAllText(<Tls_Cert_Location>);

var sslCreds = new SslCredentials(cert);
var channel = new Grpc.Core.Channel("localhost:10009", sslCreds);
var client = new Lnrpc.Lightning.LightningClient(channel);

Examples

Let's walk through some examples of C# gRPC clients. These examples assume that you have at least two lnd nodes running, the RPC location of one of which is at the default localhost:10009, with an open channel between the two nodes.

Simple RPC

// Retrieve and display the wallet balance
// Use "WalletBalanceAsync" if in async context
var response = client.WalletBalance(new WalletBalanceRequest());
Console.WriteLine(response);

Response-streaming RPC

var request = new InvoiceSubscription();
using (var call = client.SubscribeInvoices(request))
{
    while (await call.ResponseStream.MoveNext())
    {
        var invoice = call.ResponseStream.Current;
        Console.WriteLine(invoice.ToString());
    }
}

Now, create an invoice for your node at localhost:10009 and send a payment to it from another node.

$ lncli addinvoice --amt=100
{
    "r_hash": <R_HASH>,
    "pay_req": <PAY_REQ>
}
$ lncli sendpayment --pay_req=<PAY_REQ>

Your console should now display the details of the recently satisfied invoice.

Bidirectional-streaming RPC

using (var call = client.SendPayment())
{
    var responseReaderTask = Task.Run(async () =>
    {
        while (await call.ResponseStream.MoveNext())
        {
            var payment = call.ResponseStream.Current;
            Console.WriteLine(payment.ToString());
        }
    });

    foreach (SendRequest sendRequest in SendPayment())
    {
        await call.RequestStream.WriteAsync(sendRequest);
    }
    await call.RequestStream.CompleteAsync();
    await responseReaderTask;
}


IEnumerable<SendRequest> SendPayment()
{
    while (true)
    {
        SendRequest req = new SendRequest() {
            DestString = <DEST_PUB_KEY>,
            Amt = 100,
            PaymentHashString = <R_HASH>,
            FinalCltvDelta = 144
        };
        yield return req;
        System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(2000);
    }
}

This example will send a payment of 100 satoshis every 2 seconds.

Using Macaroons

To authenticate using macaroons you need to include the macaroon in the metadata of the request.

// Lnd admin macaroon is at <LND_DIR>/data/chain/bitcoin/simnet/admin.macaroon on Windows
// ~/.lnd/data/chain/bitcoin/simnet/admin.macaroon on Linux and ~/Library/Application Support/Lnd/data/chain/bitcoin/simnet/admin.macaroon on Mac
byte[] macaroonBytes = File.ReadAllBytes("<LND_DIR>/data/chain/bitcoin/simnet/admin.macaroon");
var macaroon = BitConverter.ToString(macaroonBytes).Replace("-", ""); // hex format stripped of "-" chars

The simplest approach to use the macaroon is to include the metadata in each request as shown below.

client.GetInfo(new GetInfoRequest(), new Metadata() { new Metadata.Entry("macaroon", macaroon) });

However, this can get tiresome to do for each request, so to avoid explicitly including the macaroon we can update the credentials to include it automatically.

// build ssl credentials using the cert the same as before
var sslCreds = new SslCredentials(cert);

// combine the cert credentials and the macaroon auth credentials using interceptors
// so every call is properly encrypted and authenticated
Task AddMacaroon(AuthInterceptorContext context, Metadata metadata)
{
    metadata.Add(new Metadata.Entry("macaroon", macaroon));
    return Task.CompletedTask;
}
var macaroonInterceptor = new AsyncAuthInterceptor(AddMacaroon);
var combinedCreds = ChannelCredentials.Create(sslCreds, CallCredentials.FromInterceptor(macaroonInterceptor));

// finally pass in the combined credentials when creating a channel
var channel = new Grpc.Core.Channel("localhost:10009", combinedCreds);
var client = new Lnrpc.Lightning.LightningClient(channel);

// now every call will be made with the macaroon already included
client.GetInfo(new GetInfoRequest());

Conclusion

With the above, you should have all the lnd related gRPC dependencies installed locally in your project. In order to get up to speed with protobuf usage from C#, see this official protobuf tutorial for C#. Additionally, this official gRPC resource provides more details around how to drive gRPC from C#.

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