Ben Congdon 3f2f74bae7 docs: fix python path typo

`os.path.expanduser` is needed to evaluate paths relative to the user's home directory.

2017-12-13 15:32:25 -08:00

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How to write a Python gRPC client for the Lightning Network Daemon

This section enumerates what you need to do to write a client that communicates with lnd in Python.

Setup and Installation

Lnd uses the gRPC protocol for communication with clients like lncli. gRPC is based on protocol buffers and as such, you will need to compile the lnd proto file in Python before you can use it to communicate with lnd.

Create a virtual environment for your project

$ virtualenv lnd

Activate the virtual environment

$ source lnd/bin/activate

Install dependencies (googleapis-common-protos is required due to the use of google/api/annotations.proto)

(lnd)$ pip install grpcio grpcio-tools googleapis-common-protos

Clone the google api's repository (required due to the use of google/api/annotations.proto)

(lnd)$ git clone https://github.com/googleapis/googleapis.git

Copy the lnd rpc.proto file (you'll find this at lnrpc/rpc.proto) or just download it

(lnd)$ curl -o rpc.proto -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/master/lnrpc/rpc.proto

Compile the proto file

(lnd)$ python -m grpc_tools.protoc --proto_path=googleapis:. --python_out=. --grpc_python_out=. rpc.proto

After following these steps, two files rpc_pb2.py and rpc_pb2_grpc.py will be generated. These files will be imported in your project anytime you use Python gRPC.

Imports and Client

Everytime you use Python gRPC, you will have to import the generated rpc modules and set up a channel and stub to your connect to your lnd node:

import rpc_pb2 as ln
import rpc_pb2_grpc as lnrpc
import grpc

# Lnd cert is at ~/.lnd/tls.cert on Linux and
# ~/Library/Application Support/Lnd/tls.cert on Mac
cert = open(os.path.expanduser('~/.lnd/tls.cert')).read()
creds = grpc.ssl_channel_credentials(cert)
channel = grpc.secure_channel('localhost:10009', creds)
stub = lnrpc.LightningStub(channel)

Examples

Let's walk through some examples of Python gRPC clients. These examples assume that you have at least two lnd nodes running, the RPC location of one of which is at the default localhost:10009, with an open channel between the two nodes.

Simple RPC

# Retrieve and display the wallet balance
response = stub.WalletBalance(ln.WalletBalanceRequest(witness_only=True))
print response.total_balance

Response-streaming RPC

request = ln.InvoiceSubscription()
for invoice in stub.SubscribeInvoices(request);
    print invoice

Now, create an invoice for your node at localhost:10009and send a payment to it from another node.

$ lncli addinvoice --value=100
{
	"r_hash": <R_HASH>,
	"pay_req": <PAY_REQ>
}
$ lncli sendpayment --pay_req=<PAY_REQ>

Your Python console should now display the details of the recently satisfied invoice.

Bidirectional-streaming RPC

from time import sleep
import codecs

def request_generator(dest, amt):
      # Initialization code here
      counter = 0
      print("Starting up")
      while True:
          request = ln.SendRequest(
              dest=dest,
              amt=amt,
          )
          yield request
          # Alter parameters here
          counter += 1
          sleep(2)

# Outputs from lncli are hex-encoded
dest_hex = <RECEIVER_ID_PUBKEY>
dest_bytes = codecs.decode(dest_hex, 'hex')

request_iterable = request_generator(dest=dest_bytes, amt=100)

for payment in stub.SendPayment(request_iterable):
    print payment

This example will send a payment of 100 satoshis every 2 seconds.

Conclusion

With the above, you should have all the lnd related gRPC dependencies installed locally into your virtual environment. In order to get up to speed with protofbuf usage from Python, see this official protobuf tutorial for Python. Additionally, this official gRPC resource provides more details around how to drive gRPC from Python.

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